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Background The prevalence of malnutrition in older adults is high. Early use of appropriate screening scales for malnutrition risk and early intervention can effectively improve life quality of the elderly in communities. Objective To evaluate the risk of malnutrition among the community-dwelling elderly in a district of Shanghai and explore its influencing factors. Methods From October to December 2021, a total of 960 seniors aged 65 years and above in community committees (villages) of Minhang District were selected by stratified random sampling. Trained investigators conducted one-to-one interviews with included seniors using questionnaires. The questionnaires included the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and the malnutrition risk assessment for elderly adults. Height, weight, waist circumference, and calf circumference were measured. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze potential influencing factors of malnutrition in the elderly. Results Among the 960 community-dwelling seniors of Minhang District, 13 (1.35%) were malnourished and 311 (32.40%) were at the risk of malnutrition. There were statistically significant differences in nutritional status across different categories of age, sex, monthly family income, education level, marital status, waist circumference, dental health status, activity of daily living, nutrition knowledge, suffering from chronic diseases, having > 3 chronic diseases, taking > 3 long-term prescriptions, depression symptoms, sleeping duration, daily outdoor activity time, number of daily food species (milk/soy products/fish/meat/poultry/eggs), daily intake of vegetables and fruits, daily consumption of cooking oil, frequency of physical exercise, frequency of smoking, and living alone (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that poor dental conditions, insufficient daily intake of milk/soy products/fish/meat/poultry/eggs (<3 kinds), insufficient daily intake of vegetables and fruits (<500 g), excessive daily consumption of cooking oil (>25 g), insufficient daily outdoor activities (<1 h·d−1), living alone, low educational level (primary school and below), suffering from chronic diseases, having > 3 chronic diseases, taking > 3 long-term prescriptions, and being single/widowed/divorced were the main risk factors for nutritional abnormalities in the elderly (P< 0.05). Conclusion The elderly in Minhang District of Shanghai have a high malnutrition risk, and their nutritional status is affected by multiple factors, including poor dental status, irrational dietary structure, insufficient time for outdoor activities, suffering from chronic diseases, having > 3 chronic diseases, taking > 3 long-term prescriptions, low educational level, living alone, and being single/widowed/divorced.
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@#Introduction: Dietary inflammation is a significant risk factor for age-related cognitive impairments among older adults. However, information related to the relationship between Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (eDII) score and cognitive frailty (CF) among Malaysian community-dwelling older adults is still limited. The objective of this study is to determine the association between dietary inflammatory risk and CF among community-dwelling older adults. Method: This is a cross sectional study involving community-dwelling older adults in Klang Valley. The Fried’s Criteria and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used to determine CF status. Subjects were also interviewed using the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ) and eDII food checklist to assess the food intake and dietary inflammatory risk. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: A total of 158 older adults (66.7 ± 5.2 years old) residing in Klang Valley were involved. Energy and macronutrients have a weak positive association with pro-inflammatory score (p<0.05). There is no significant mean difference between CF older adults consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet (mean 2.07 ± 1.10) compared to non CF (mean 2.06 ± 1.14). However, white rice food item significantly consumed by CF people (22.4%) than non CF (8.5%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: CF older adults were more likely to consume a pro-inflammatory diet particularly from the rice food group. There is a need to further assess the risk of consuming a pro-inflammatory diet using larger sample size and appropriate biomarkers.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Advanced age, multiple chronic diseases and frailty have been correlated with worse prognosis among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential risk factors for hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 among frail community-dwelling elderly people. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study of patients followed up at a geriatric outpatient clinic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The associations of demographic characteristics (age and sex) and clinical characteristics (frailty, multimorbidity, number of medications with long-term use, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease) with the risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 were explored using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: 5,295 patients (mean age 78.6 ± 9.4 years; 72.6% females) were included. After adjustments, the number of medications with long-term use was found to increase the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19 (odds ratio, OR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.06-1.22). Frailty, multimorbidity and diabetes mellitus also increased the odds of hospitalization (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09; OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26; and OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.45-3.54, respectively) and the odds of death due to COVID-19 (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.14; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.32; and OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.79-6.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity, frailty and diabetes mellitus increased the odds of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 and the number of medications with long-term use increased the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19 among frail community-dwelling elderly people.
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify the opinions of community-dwelling elderly people on medical treatment and care choices during the end-of-life period.Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to elderly people who participated in nursing care prevention projects implemented by two municipalities in the Kanto region. Analysis of the contents included in the free-description section of the questionnaire was conducted using a qualitative coding procedure.Results: Analysis of 135 responses in the free-description section of the questionnaire led to the development of the following four final categories: 1. end-of-life is an extension of daily life; 2. end-of-life does not belong solely to oneself; 3. consideration of loved ones; and 4. the desire to determine one's own end.Conclusion: This study identified the following: community-dwelling elderly people have a tangible feeling that "end-of-life is an extension of daily life." They experience conflicting feelings of "desire to determine their own end" and "end-of-life does not belong solely to themselves," they have thoughts that include "consideration of loved ones," which take the form of concern that, based on their experience, they will be a burden on their family and those around them.
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Objective:To explore the reliability and validity of the community commitment scale (CCS) in community-dwelling elderly people.Methods:From May to August in 2020, a total of 526 community-dwelling elderly were investigated by community commitment scale, community's self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation (CSES). SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0 softwares were used to analyze the reliability and validity.Results:The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the community commitment scale was 0.818, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of social and belonging dimensions were 0.750 and 0.777, respectively. The Guttman split-half reliability coefficients were 0.799-0.835, and the test-retest reliability was 0.802. Each item-to-total score correlations were 0.614-0.753 (all P<0.05). The item level content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.830-1.000, the scale level content validity index (S-CVI/UA) was 0.875, and the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.972. Two common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 57.019%. The confirmatory factor analysis all indicators reached the adaptation standard (χ 2/ df=2.638, RMSEA=0.079, GFI=0.957, AGFI=0.918, TLI=0.936, CFI=0.956, IFI=0.957), and standardized regression coefficients were 0.63-0.80. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the community commitment scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the social isolation of the elderly in the community.
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Objective: This study aimed to measure the physical activity (exercise and non-exercise) of community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals and to investigate the relationships between physical activity and daily life behaviors.Methods: Community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals who resided in town A, city B, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, and were not certified as requiring long-term care were included in this study. Physical activity in 1 week was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to assess daily life behaviors. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the factors affecting physical activity.Results: A total of 107 elderly Japanese (46 men and 61 women) individuals were included. The mean amount of physical activity in men was 37.9 Metabolic equivalents (METs)*h/wk, whereas that in women was 33.8 METs*h/wk. The proportion of exercise to physical activity for men and women was 43.2% and 26.0%, respectively. Men and women took an average of 47,393.7 and 35,305.6 steps/wk, respectively. Step counts and the presence or absence of plant cultivation were the factors associated with the amount of physical activity. The exercise component of physical activity was associated with step count, whereas the non-exercise component was associated with step count, plant cultivation, and frequent outings.Conclusion: Among community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals, physical activity levels appear to be affected by step count and the presence or absence of certain factors, such as plant cultivation and frequent outings.
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Background: Falls are most frequent cause of accident related injury and are frequently associated with accident related death in the elderly. While an individual’s risk for falling is associated with a variety of sensory, motor, cognitive and environmental variables, it ultimately depends on their frequency of loss of balance episodes and their ability to recover balance by stepping, grasping or swaying (via the ankle strategy or hip strategy). Although visual, vestibular and somatosensory functions are known to be contributing factors in maintaining balance, they are not as easily altered as muscle strength and joint range of motion and stiffness. The study aimed To assess the effects of bilateral ankle joint mobilisation on functional balance in community dwelling elderly Materials and methods: In the present study a convenience sample of 60 community dwelling elderly between the age 65 to 75 years wererandomly and evenly divided into 2 groups :The Experimental Group &Control Group.For the purpose of selecting the subject in the study they were evaluated with the Time Up And Go Test.Maitland joint mobilization three times a week for four weeks was performed for bilateral ankle joint for the experimental group.The Control group were not given any exercises during the study protocol. At the end of 4 weeks, the outcome measures Functional Reach Test (FRT) andOne leg Stance Test (OLST) were assessed pre & post intervention in both the groups and the data was statistically analysed. Results: Intragroup analysis of both groups pre and post intervention showed statistically significant values for both the outcome measures FRT and OLST ( p value< 0.05). Intergroup analysis also showed statistically significant values for outcome measures inferring that experimental group was better than the control group (p value < 0.05). Conclusion:The study concludes that Ankle joint mobilisation helps in improving the dynamic balance in elderly individuals.
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The purpose of this study was to consider the validity of measuring the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), which has been used as a measure of balance ability in athletes, for community-dwelling elderly people. To achieve this purpose, we examined the relationship between the existing balance ability measures, leg strength, and the SEBT. The subjects were 36 elderly people (mean age: 71.1 years). We used the SEBT, functional reach test (FRT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and Mini-BESTest to evaluate balance ability and the 30-second chair-stand test (CS-30) to assess leg strength; we also assessed the 10-m walk time. The correlation coefficient with the SEBT was calculated. The significant level was 5%. A significant positive correlation was observed between the total score of Mini-BESTest and the SEBT reach distance in the anterior direction (r = 0.364, p < 0.05) and the posteromedial direction (r = 0.407, p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between anticipatory postural control and the SEBT reach distance in the anterior directions (r = 0.403, p < 0.05), and postural responses and SEBT reach distance in the posterolateral direction (r = 0.360, p < 0.05), which were subsystem category of Mini-BESTest. No significant correlation was found in the other items. The correlation with Mini-BESTest indicates that SEBT might be a valid tool to evaluate the dynamic balance ability of community-dwelling elderly people. However, their correlation coefficient is not high, suggesting that SEBT can evaluate elements different from Mini-BESTest.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial factors influencing suicidal ideation of community dwelling elderly, using the senior community center in Jeonnam Province.METHODS: A total of 2,202 subjects (369 males, 1,833 females) were recruited. We evaluated sociodemographic factors, using a self-reporting questionnaire. Subjects completed the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form Korean Version (SGDS), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean version of the General Health Questionale-12 (GHQ-12) and Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS), to assess psychosocial factors affecting suicidal ideation.RESULTS: Among 2,202 subjects, 179 (8.1%) reported recent suicidal ideation. Self-perceptive health status (p < 0.001) and physical disease (p=0.002) revealed differences between two groups. The scores of four scales in the suicidal group were significantly different from the control group: SGDS (p < 0.001) and GHQ-12 (p < 0.001) were higher, while MSPSS (p < 0.001) and SWLS (p < 0.001) were lower, in the suicidal ideation group than the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that physical disease (OR 2.575, 95%CI 1.022–6.492), SGDS (OR 1.181, 95%CI 1.120–1.246) and GHQ-12 (OR 1.192, 95%CI 1.108–1.283), were significantly associated with suicidal ideation.CONCLUSION: Findings support that physical disease, depression, and general mental health may correlate to suicidal ideation in the elderly.
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Aged , Humans , Male , Depression , Independent Living , Logistic Models , Mental Health , Psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
Objective: Participation in social activities is associated with physical and psychological health in the community-dwelling elderly population. We examined the two factors of social relations and community health resources, associated with higher self-rated health levels in the community-dwelling elderly.Methods: A total of 145 community-dwelling elderly people ≥ 65 years old from two neighborhood associations in Nagasaki City were recruited for this study, representing 85% of the officially registered ≥ 65-year-old population in the target area. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted by trained interviewers in August 2009, with questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, social relationships, and self-rated health (SRH). Community health resources (type and walking distance from home) were evaluated by one of the authors as a community assessment.Results: Seventy-eight community-dwelling elderly people (25 men and 53 women) participated in the study. Elderly people who reported going out every day were more likely to show higher SRH scores (excellent/good) than those going out less often (OR: 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 14.2; P = 0.056). The numbers of interactions with friends in higher and lower SRH groups were 6.5 ± 8.4 (mean ± standard deviation) and 2.4 ± 1.1 (P = 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test), respectively. The numbers of relatives talking on the phone in higher and lower SRH groups were 2.9 ± 1.3 and 2.2 ± 1.2 (P = 0.031, Mann-Whitney U test), respectively. Meeting scores with friends in higher and lower SRH groups were 7.8 ± 5.8 and 4.5 ± 3.6 (P = 0.068), respectively. The scores of community health resources among higher and lower SRH groups were 21.2 ± 1.5 and 20.9 ± 1.4 (P = 0.547), respectively. The scores of community association/activities in higher and lower SRH groups were 3.9 ± 1.0 and 3.6 ± 0.9 (P = 0.227), respectively.Conclusion: This study indicated the importance of interaction with friends and relatives for maintaining higher SRH among community-dwelling elderly people.
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Objective To assess the characteristics of the community-dwelling elderly through a variety of objective evaluation and subjective evaluation tools and provide basis for cognitive function intervention in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods This study evaluated the global cognitive function, memory, executive function and attention and subjective memory feeling of 74 community-dwelling healthy elderly in Beijing. Results The study included 74 community-dwelling healthy elderly. The score of overall cognitive function was (27.28 ± 1.30) points. Less than 80% of participator did not acquire the total score in abstract, language, visual space and executive function. And only 9.8% acquired the total score in the delayed memory .The average score of the memory satisfaction questionnaire was (38.28 ± 9.40) points.In addition, there was no significant correlation between the scores of memory satisfaction of the elderly and the scores of cognitive function scale(r =0.038, P>0.05). The community elderly with normal general cognitive function also showed a relative decline in various cognitive areas, especially in delayed memory. In addition, there was no significant correlation between subjective memory perception and cognitive function scale (r=-0.116-0.157, P>0.05). Conclusions The community-dwelling elderly with normal global cognitive function have cognitive decline in some cognitive function domains. And the cognitive function training needs to be carried out in community. There is no relationship between subjective memory assessment and objective cognitive function. More researches about the relationship between subjective memory assessment and objective cognitive function should be carried out in the future.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in the elderlys in Shanghai community. Methods Stratified sampling was performed according to the age distribution of the population in 3 urban and 2 suburban communities in Shanghai, and a total of 2 929 old people aged over 65 years were enrolled. The thoracic and lumbar radiographs and questionnaires were obtained in all the participants. The diagnosis of vertebral fractures were evaluated using Genant′s semi-quantitative method, and the prevalence of vertebral fracture was calculated. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of vertebral fracture. Results ( 1) The prevalence of vertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly was 14.4%totally,and 20.1%in individuals above 80 years old,which was significantly higher than the others (P<0.05). The prevalence of vertebral fractures in females was significantly higher than that in males (18.5%vs 12.4%, P<0.05). (2) The most common vertebral fracture sites were T12 and L1. Grade 1 vertebral fracture was most common in our cohort. The proportions of grade 2 and grade 3 were significant higher in females than that in males (30.6% vs 17.0%, P<0.05). (3) Gender and sex had an interaction effect on the prevalence of vertebral fractures. Prevalence of vertebral fractures increased steadily with age in both genders, although the gradient was steeper for women (P<0.001). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that: female, age, parental hip fracture history, previous fracture history, and alcohol consumption were risk factors of vertebral fractures in community elderly. Smoking, long-term use of glucocorticoid, various diseases associated with secondary osteoporosis had no significant correlation with vertebral fracture. Conclusion The vertebral fractures were more common and serious in women than in men in community elderly. Age was significantly correlated with the presence of vertebral fracture in women than that in men. Female, age, parental hip fracture history, previous fracture history, and alcohol consumption were risk factors of vertebral fractures in community elderlys.
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<b>Objective:</b> In Japan, the Integrated Community Care System aims to support residents to live as independently as possible at home. <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i> and <i>Fureaiikiiki</i> salons are two types of group activities for community-dwelling elderly. We investigated effective ways of conducting such activities.<br><b>Methods:</b> We analyzed 96 subjects from 8 salons and 354 subjects from 10 <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i>. Self-completed questionnaires included the following: attributes, the Motor Fitness Scale (MFS), revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS), Measurement of Psychological Independence (MPI), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and self-rated health status (SRH). Follow-up assessment was conducted 6 months later. Representatives from 8 salons and staff members from 10 <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i> answered an additional questionnaire on management.<br><b>Results:</b> In <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i>, physical performance (MFS) (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and subjective well-being (PGCMS) (<i>p</i> = 0.001) improved significantly, whereas psychological independence (MPI) deteriorated significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.015). The MFS scores significantly improved in the sub-group with a high number of sessions (7 or more) (<i>p</i> = 0.043), as well as in the non-volunteer sub-group (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The PGCMS scores significantly improved in the sub-group with a high number of sessions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The MPI scores significantly deteriorated in the sub-group with a low frequency of sessions (6 or less) and in the non-volunteer sub-group (<i>p</i> = 0.013 and <i>p</i> = 0.010, respectively). In salons, the frequency of going out decreased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Functional status (IADL) significantly improved in the “twice or more a month” sub-group (<i>p</i> = 0.046), whereas it significantly deteriorated in the “once a month” sub-group (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The proportion of volunteers/organizers in <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i> (23.4%) was significantly lower than that in salons (39.6%).<br><b>Conclusion:</b> The frequency (number) of sessions, but not the volunteer/non-volunteer attribute, was a key factor in obtaining the health promotion effects of group activities in both <i>Koreisya-Kyoshitsu</i> and salons.
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Background: High heart rate (HR) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality due to all causes. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exercise adherence on longitudinal changes in resting heart rate among a population of community-dwelling elderly.Methods: The subjects were 133 men and 209 women aged 65 and older who participated in a baseline survey in August 1992 and were subsequently followed annually for 8 years. Resting HR was measured in the sitting position. The independent variable was the longitudinal change in differences of HR (Δ) from 1996 to 2000. Dependent variables were age, heart rate, smoking habit, TMIG index of competence score, and states of exercise adherence during the period 1992-1996.Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that heart rate in 1996 and smoking in men, and heart rate, TMIG index of competence score, and exercise adherence during the period 1992-1996 in women were significantly associated with longitudinal change in HR.Conclusion: Exercise adherence reduced the increase in HR of elderly women. These results suggest the importance of exercise adherence in elderly women.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly. METHODS: A community survey of 1,351 low income residents aged 65 or over was conducted in Buk district of Gwangju, Korea. Depressive symptom was evaluated by the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Their sociodemographic factors, the precence of chronic physical illness, and cognitive functions were investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 69.8%. In multiple logistic regression, chronic physical illness (Odds Ratio:2.68, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.98-3.63), low education (Odds Ratio : 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.39-2.43), and cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio : 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.20-2.16) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly were very common, particularly related to current chronic physical illnesses. The results of this study can be useful for the development of community-based prevention and management programs for depression. Of elderleg.
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Aged , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression , Education , Korea , Logistic Models , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly. METHODS: A community survey of 1,351 low income residents aged 65 or over was conducted in Buk district of Gwangju, Korea. Depressive symptom was evaluated by the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Their sociodemographic factors, the precence of chronic physical illness, and cognitive functions were investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 69.8%. In multiple logistic regression, chronic physical illness (Odds Ratio:2.68, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.98-3.63), low education (Odds Ratio : 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.39-2.43), and cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio : 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.20-2.16) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly were very common, particularly related to current chronic physical illnesses. The results of this study can be useful for the development of community-based prevention and management programs for depression. Of elderleg.
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Aged , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression , Education , Korea , Logistic Models , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between housebound (defined as elderly who go outside less than once a week) and physical fitness test (6 items of grip strength, situps, trunk flexion, foot balance, 10 m hurdle walk, 6 min walk), fitness test score, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence (3 factors of instrumental self-maintenance, intellectual activity, and social role), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (4 categories of somatic symptoms, anxietynsomnia, social dysfunction, severe depression), considering the differences among gender and age.<BR>The subjects were 296 community-dwelling elderly aged≥65 (mean age ; 75.5±4.9) . Of the subjects, 32% were male, and 57% were elderly aged≥75. Seventy-nine (27.2%) were housebound. The rate of housebound subjects with a full score for intellectual activity, social role on the TMIG sub-scales, 10m-hurdle walk and 6 minute walk was significantly worse than non-housebound subjects. The scores for social dysfunction and severe depression on the GHQ sub-scales for housebound were significantly higher than those for non-housebound ; and few housebound exercised more than 2 times per week or 30 minutes a day. The mental health of male housebound and housebound aged under 75 was the worst among all groups. On the other hand, female housebound and those aged≥75 had lower TMIG and physical fitness results. The characteristics of the housebound were different between genders. Among the housebound aged≥75, grip strength correlated with TMIG and GHQ-28 ; the 10 m hurdle walk correlated with severe depression, instrumental selfmaintenance and intellectual activity ; and the physical fitness score correlated with GHQ-28 after adjusted for age and gender.<BR>Physical fitness correlated with TMIG and GHQ among the housebound; and few housebound exercised in daily life. Improving grip strength and walking ability may reduce the number of housebound.